Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery

 What is the Mitral Valve?

The mitral valve is a vital flap located between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart. It ensures unidirectional blood flow, allowing blood to move efficiently from the atrium to the ventricle. As the heart beats, the valve opens and closes in response to pressure changes. When the mitral valve is damaged or malfunctions, blood flow may become impaired, potentially leading to serious health complications.

What is Mitral Valve Replacement?

Mitral valve replacement is a surgical procedure designed to replace a damaged or poorly functioning mitral valve with an artificial one. This procedure is often necessary when the valve cannot be repaired effectively. Two types of artificial valves are commonly used:

1. Mechanical Valves:
• Made of durable materials like carbon and polyester.
• Can last between 10 to 20 years or more.
• Require lifelong use of blood thinners to prevent clot formation.
2. Biological Valves:
• Made from human or animal tissue (e.g., pig or cow tissue).
• Do not require long-term use of blood thinners.
• Typically last up to 15-20 years but may require replacement over time.

Why is Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery Needed?

The two main conditions that necessitate mitral valve replacement are:

• Mitral Valve Stenosis: The valve doesn’t open fully, restricting blood flow.
• Mitral Valve Regurgitation: The valve is leaky, causing blood to flow backward.

 Common symptoms of mitral valve issues include:

• Fatigue
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)

 Diagnosis of Mitral Valve Conditions

Mitral valve disorders are often detected through:

• Echocardiogram: Visualizes valve motion and blood flow.
• Electrocardiogram (ECG): Detects abnormal heart rhythms and enlarged chambers.
• Chest X-ray: Identifies heart enlargement.
• Cardiac MRI: Offers detailed imaging of the heart’s structure and function.
• Stress Test: Assesses the severity of the condition under physical activity.

 Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition:

• Medication:
• Beta-blockers for regulating heart rhythm.
• Diuretics for reducing fluid buildup.
• Aspirin or blood thinners to prevent clot formation.
• Surgery:
• Valve Repair: Preserves the natural valve when possible.
• Valve Replacement: Necessary for severely damaged valves.

 The Mitral Valve Replacement Procedure

1. Open Surgery:
• The surgeon makes a large incision to access the heart.
• The damaged valve is removed, and the new valve is sewn into place.
• Blood flow is restored, and incisions are closed.
2. Minimally Invasive Surgery:
• Performed through smaller incisions using an endoscope or robot-assisted techniques.
• Offers faster recovery and reduced complications.

Both procedures require a heart-lung machine to maintain circulation during surgery.

 Cost of Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery in India

Mitral Valve Replacement Surgery Cost from top hospitals may start from INR 528,500 (USD 6,300) in India. This cost can be less or more depending upon the hospital, experience of doctors, quality and type of valve used, and many other parameters.

India is a global hub for cost-effective cardiac care. The cost of mitral valve replacement surgery ranges from USD 6,500 to USD 9,000, depending on factors like:

• Type of valve (mechanical or biological)
• Hospital and location
• Surgeon’s expertise
• Length of hospital stay

Why Choose India for Mitral Valve Replacement?

• High success rates and cutting-edge technology
• Affordable medical costs
• Internationally accredited hospitals
• Experienced cardiologists with global reputations

 Conclusion

Mitral valve replacement surgery is a life-saving procedure for patients with severe valve dysfunction. Whether you choose a mechanical or biological valve, timely diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve your quality of life.