Arrhythmia Surgery

Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heartbeat, which can be too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or erratic. It occurs when the electrical signals controlling the heart's rhythm malfunction. While some arrhythmias are harmless, others can lead to serious complications like stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest.

Causes of Arrhythmia

Arrhythmia can be caused by various factors, including:

• Coronary artery disease
• High blood pressure
• Electrolyte imbalances
• Thyroid disorders
• Excessive caffeine or alcohol consumption
• Stress or anxiety
• Congenital heart defects
• Smoking
• Drug abuse

Symptoms of Arrhythmia

Common symptoms include:

• Palpitations (fluttering or rapid heartbeat)
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Fainting or near fainting

 Diagnosis of Arrhythmia

To diagnose arrhythmia, doctors may use the following tests:

• Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Records electrical activity of the heart.
• Holter monitor: A portable ECG worn for 24-48 hours.
• Event monitor: Similar to a Holter monitor but used for longer periods.
• Echocardiogram: Uses ultrasound to assess heart structure and function.
• Electrophysiological study (EPS): Evaluates electrical activity in the heart.
• Stress test: Monitors heart activity during physical exertion.

 When is Surgery Needed?

While many cases of arrhythmia can be managed with medications, lifestyle changes, or non-invasive procedures like catheter ablation, surgery may be necessary in cases where:

• Medication and other treatments fail to control the condition.
• The arrhythmia is life-threatening.
• Structural abnormalities in the heart require correction.
• Other cardiac surgeries are already planned, making it practical to address arrhythmia at the same time.

 Types of Arrhythmia Surgery

1. Maze Procedure

The Maze procedure is a surgical intervention that creates a pattern (maze) of scar tissue in the heart's atria. This scar tissue disrupts abnormal electrical signals, restoring normal heart rhythm. It can be performed as:

• Open-heart surgery (traditional method, often combined with other cardiac procedures like valve repair).
• Minimally invasive Maze surgery (using smaller incisions and specialized tools).

2. Pacemaker Implantation

A pacemaker is a small device implanted under the skin that sends electrical pulses to regulate slow heartbeats (bradycardia). It consists of:

• A pulse generator (battery-powered device).
• Leads (wires) that connect to the heart and deliver electrical impulses.

3. Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Placement

An ICD is a device implanted in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest. It monitors heart rhythms and delivers shocks if dangerous arrhythmias occur, preventing cardiac arrest.

4. Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG)

In some cases, arrhythmia is caused by coronary artery disease. CABG improves blood flow by bypassing blocked arteries, potentially reducing arrhythmia episodes.

5. Valve Surgery

Arrhythmias can result from damaged heart valves. Repairing or replacing faulty valves can help restore normal heart rhythm and function.

Cost of Arrhythmia Treatment

The cost of arrhythmia treatment varies based on the type of procedure, hospital, and patient's condition. Approximate costs in Delhi:

• Catheter Ablation: ₹1.5 - 4 lakhs
• Pacemaker Implantation: ₹2 - 5 lakhs
• Maze Procedure: ₹3 - 6 lakhs
• ICD Placement: ₹4 - 8 lakhs
• CABG & Valve Surgery: ₹2.5 - 7 lakhs

 Best Hospitals for Arrhythmia Surgery in Delhi

Some of the top hospitals in Delhi offering arrhythmia surgery include:

• Fortis Escorts Heart Institute
• Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
• Max Super Speciality Hospital, Saket
• Medanta - The Medicity

 Risks and Recovery

Like all surgeries, arrhythmia procedures carry risks, including bleeding, infection, and complications from anesthesia. However, advancements in medical technology have significantly improved success rates and reduced recovery times. After surgery, patients may need to:

• Take medications to prevent complications.
• Follow a heart-healthy lifestyle.
• Undergo cardiac rehabilitation for optimal recovery.

Conclusion

Arrhythmia surgery is a crucial option for individuals whose irregular heartbeats pose serious health risks. With modern techniques and medical advancements, these surgeries offer a new lease on life for many patients. If you or a loved one suffers from arrhythmia, consult a cardiologist to explore the best treatment options available.