Discectomy Surgery

What is Discectomy Surgery?

Discectomy is a surgical procedure performed on the lower back (lumbar region) to remove part or all of a herniated disc that is exerting pressure on the spinal cord or nerves. By removing the affected portion of the disc, the surgery helps alleviate numbness, weakness, and pain associated with nerve compression.

Who Needs Discectomy Surgery?

Discectomy is recommended for patients experiencing:

Persistent lower back pain that radiates to the legs

• Numbness or tingling sensations due to nerve compression
• Muscle weakness in the legs
• Lack of improvement with conservative treatments like physiotherapy or medications

 What Kind of Doctor Performs Discectomy Surgery?

Discectomy is typically performed by a Neurosurgeon or Orthopedic Spine Surgeon who specializes in spinal disorders and surgeries.

What Happens Before Discectomy Surgery?

Prior to surgery, the patient undergoes:

• Medical Evaluation: A thorough assessment including MRI or CT scans to determine the severity of the herniated disc.
• Preoperative Tests: Blood tests, ECG, and other necessary evaluations to assess overall health.
• Consultation with the Surgeon: The doctor explains the procedure, risks, and expected recovery.
• Lifestyle Adjustments: Patients may be advised to stop certain medications and avoid smoking/alcohol before surgery.

 What happens during Discectomy Surgery?

Once you have completed your Pre-surgery paperwork, an anesthesiologist will start an IV (an intravenous line) that will be used to administer medications and fluids during your surgery.  The complete procedure consists of five steps and takes approximately two hours.

1. Prepping you for surgery:

• Once you are resting comfortably on the operating table you will be given anesthesia.
• When you are asleep you will be placed onto your stomach, your sides and chest will be supported with pillows.
• The area where the incision will be made will be cleaned and prepared for the surgery.

2. The incision:

• A fluoroscope (a special type of X-ray) will be used to guide your surgeon.
• A thin needle will be placed through the skin to the bone to find the damaged disc and vertebra.
• Open Discectomy:
• The physician will make an incision in your back over the targeted vertebrae.
• The incision will be approximately one to two inches long.  Longer incisions will be needed if more than one vertebrae is affected.
• The muscles are moved aside to reveal the vertebra below.
• An X-ray will be used to confirm which vertebra needs to be operated on.
• Minimally invasive Discectomy:
• An incision of one inch or less is made on one side of the back.
• Dilators are used to separate the muscles and gain access to the vertebra.

3. Laminotomy:

A very small opening will be made in the lamina (the vertebral arch), the flat plates of bone that protect the spinal cord, by removing the bone above and below the vertebrae.  The spinal cord and nerves are gently moved aside to access the herniated disc.

4. Disc fragment removal:

• The nerve root protective sac is gently moved aside.
• A surgical microscope is used to identify the herniated disc.
• The surgeon removes the ruptured section of the disc that is compressing the nerve.
• Any bone spurs that are discovered are also removed.
• If fusion is needed to treat instability of the spine it will be performed at this time.

5. Closure:

• The equipment holding the muscles apart is removed.
• The muscle is stitched or stapled together.
• The skin is stitched or stapled together.
• A sterile dressing is placed over the incision to keep it clean.

Discectomy: Cost and Procedure in India

The average cost of Discectomy Surgery in India starts from INR 294,000 ($3,500). However, the final cost may vary depending on several factors, including the severity of the condition, the surgeon's expertise, and the type of hospital chosen.

 What Happens After Discectomy Surgery?

• Hospital Stay: Patients may stay in the hospital for 1-2 days.
• Pain Management: Medications are prescribed to manage post-surgical pain.
• Physical Therapy: Patients are encouraged to start light movements and gradually resume normal activities.
• Recovery Timeline: Most patients recover within 4-6 weeks, but full recovery may take up to three months.

 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About Discectomy Surgery in India

Q1: Is Discectomy Surgery safe? Yes, it is a common and safe procedure when performed by an experienced surgeon.

Q2: How long is the recovery period? Most patients resume daily activities within 4-6 weeks.

Q3: Are there any risks involved? As with any surgery, risks include infection, bleeding, or nerve injury, but they are rare.

Q4: Will I need physiotherapy after surgery? Yes, physical therapy helps in faster recovery and strengthening the spine.

Q5: Can a herniated disc reoccur after surgery? While the chances are low, it is possible if preventive measures are not followed.

Conclusion

Discectomy surgery in India is a cost-effective solution for individuals suffering from herniated disc-related issues. With advanced medical infrastructure, skilled surgeons, and affordable treatment options, India has become a preferred destination for spinal surgeries. If you are considering Discectomy, consult a spine specialist to determine the best course of action for your condition.